I haven’t read the article but I work with Bloom filters at work sometimes.

Bloom filters basically tell you “this thing might be present” or “this thing is definitely not present”.

If you’re looking for a piece of data in a set of large files, being able to say “this data is definitely not in this file” saves you a bunch of time because you can skip over the file instead of searching through the whole thing just to figure out what you’re looking for isn’t there.

I visited a former coal mine that’s now a museum. If you take a tour, you get a small piece of coal to keep at the end.